London

Vibrant and truly multicultural, London is a megalopolis of people, ideas and frenetic energy. The capital and largest city of the United Kingdom sits on the River Thames in South-East England. Greater London has a population of a little over 9 million. Considered one of the world's leading global cities, London remains an international capital of culture, music, education, fashion, politics, finance and trade. For the visitor, there is a seemingly endless choice of historical sites, shopping, museums, food, art galleries, nightlife, and activities.

London has six airports: Heathrow (LHR), Gatwick (LGW), Stansted (STN), Luton (LTN), City (LCY), and Southend (SEN). Heathrow is the biggest, with the Tube's Piccadilly line (£5.50-6.70 single, Oyster) and Heathrow Express (£25+). Gatwick has trains to Victoria (30 min, £10-20). Megabus and Flixbus offer cheaper coach connections from many European cities.

London offers extensive public transport: iconic red double-decker buses (cheapest and best for sightseeing), the Tube (11 lines), Overground, Elizabeth Line, DLR, trams, and river boats. Walking is great for central areas. Oyster cards or contactless payment work on most services.

English is the main language spoken in London. Accents vary from Standard Southern English to Multicultural London English (MLE). Many languages are spoken by first-generation immigrants, including Mandarin, Cantonese, Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, Bengali.

London enjoys a mild climate on average. Rain falls about one in three days, though often for short periods. Extreme weather is rare, but heavy rain can cause localized flooding. Summers are mild, winters cool.

London has hundreds of accommodation options from hostels to luxury hotels. Average hotel costs are higher than in any other major British city. Most visitors stay within Zone 1, but outside Zone 1 can offer better value. Prices inflate during major sporting tournaments or events, so book in advance.

London offers thousands of dining venues from fast food to Michelin-starred restaurants, covering every cuisine imaginable. Budget meals cost under £15, mid-range £15-50, and splurge over £50. London is also famous for its pubs, bars, and nightclubs. The weekly magazine Time Out lists current events.

London is a huge city, so all individual listings are in the appropriate district articles. Transport for London have produced their own itineraries for tourists. There are many famous landmarks and iconic transport icons.

To make the most of the city's cultural offerings, pick up a copy of Time Out London or check their website. There are performing arts, museums, exhibitions, clubs, eateries, and numerous other activities.

London's attractions are spread across its districts. Must-sees include historical sites, museums (many free), art galleries, and performing arts. Pick up a copy of Time Out London for detailed listings of shows, exhibitions, and clubs.

London is generally safe. In an emergency, dial 999 or 112. The Metropolitan Police patrol most of London, with City of London Police covering the financial district. Normal precautions against pickpocketing are advised.

A budget meal costs under £15, a mid-range meal £15-50, and a high-end meal over £50. Accommodation is expensive, with average hotel costs higher than other UK cities. Free museums and walking help save money.

For more niche interests, see the article on Nerd activities in London.

London is a leading financial centre and popular for working holidays. Wages are higher than elsewhere in the UK, but cost of living is also higher.

London attracts more overseas students than any other city. The University of London is a federal system with colleges like LSE, UCL, Imperial, King's College, SOAS, and others. Many offer public lectures and courses.